Preventing lameness

The key to preventing lameness on farm is identifying risk factors and developing a lameness prevention plan that is monitored and reviewed.

Lameness cost

The average cost of a case of lameness on your farm is estimated to be $300–$800. The actual cost will vary depending on factors such as lesion type and severity, time of season, and the cow’s lameness history. This range is based on a combination of overseas data and New Zealand expert consensus. The biggest impact is on reproductive performance for cows that become lame soon after calving and are less likely to get in-calf. The inclusion of pain relief in your treatment plan can help to reduce this loss.

Cost breakdown of lameness

Lameness risk factors

Cows become lame when a combination of risk factors occur. It is the interaction of the cow, her environment and management that leads to lameness on farm. One of the biggest risk factors for lameness is a previous case of lameness. Taking extra care of your heifers will help to prevent lameness in future lactations. Read more on these risk factors on page 4 of the Preventing and managing lameness guide.

Record keeping

By keeping good records, you can begin to understand lameness on your farm, e.g. types and seasonal patterns. This is helpful when you or your advisor is figuring out what the risk factors are on your farm.

Lameness prevention plans

The risk factors for lameness are multifactorial and will vary from farm to farm. Work with your advisor to develop a lameness prevention plan specific for your farm and associated risk factors.

The plan should include identification of risk factors and how these will be managed/mitigated, along with processes for record keeping, early identification and effective treatment. It should be monitored at least annually and updated as required.

Stockmanship

Research shows that good stockmanship, having knowledgeable, trained, and aware people working with cows reduces lameness and improves animal welfare.

• Cow flow: Poor flow is usually caused by the environment, not the cows. Let cows walk at their own pace and avoid pressuring those at the back if the herd stops. Move to the front and encourage the lead cows to move instead. On larger farms, separate heifers from older cows to reduce bullying.
• Backing/top gates: Use consistent routines across the team. Fit a buzzer or sound to warn cows when the gate moves, and ensure the gate never touches them. Gates should be used to take up space in the yard, not push cows.
• Lame bulls: Lameness reduces fertility and often ends a bull’s breeding season. Bulls are at extra risk from riding, fighting, and long walks. In the shed, they can disrupt cow flow and create safety risks. Treating lame bulls is difficult and usually requires sedation, contact a vet if this occurs.

Read more here about stockmanship.

Farm tracks

A well-designed, constructed, and maintained farm track is essential for reducing lameness and improving cow flow. Tracks should be wide enough to prevent crowding and have proper drainage, with regular maintenance to keep them in good condition. Effective gateway access and fenced drains also help reduce injuries and stress on cows. The surface should be smooth and comfortable, avoiding sharp stones that could damage hooves. Bridges and underpasses should be designed to allow smooth cow movement, providing sufficient width, good visibility, and gentle gradients to prevent hesitation and stress.

Read more here about tracks.